Significance of hormonal balance in human health
Hormones are the body’s chemical messengers, which play an important role in regulating nearly every physiological process, from metabolism and immune function to mood and reproduction. Their importance is underscored by the large number of individuals suffering from hormonal imbalances worldwide.
According to the World Health Organization, millions of people worldwide suffer from diabetes-related hormone imbalances. The American Thyroid Association notes that millions of people struggle with thyroid disease in the United States alone.
Chronic stress, often associated with cortisol imbalance, affects a significant portion of the world’s population.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), associated with testosterone and estrogen imbalances, affects millions of women worldwide.
These statistics underscore the important role hormones play in our health, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding and effective management.
1. Insulin
Produced by the pancreas, insulin regulates the uptake of glucose into cells from the bloodstream.
Shortness: This is characteristic of type 1 diabetes. The body does not produce enough insulin, causing blood sugar levels to rise. Frequent urination, increased thirst, intense hunger, unexplained weight loss, weariness, and hazy eyesight are among the symptoms.
Tolerance: This is a primary feature of type 2 diabetes. Although the body produces insulin, it is ineffectively used.
Over time, the demand for insulin increases, causing the pancreas to overwork, and eventually blood sugar levels to rise. Symptoms are similar to type 1 diabetes but may develop more slowly.
Known as excess hyperinsulinemia, this can result from insulin resistance. Symptoms include low blood sugar, shakiness, dizziness, sweating, and a fast heart rate.
Balance strategy
Eat a balanced diet with whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats.
Limit sugar and refined carbohydrates.
Engage in regular physical activity.
2. Cortisol
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Produced by the adrenal glands, cortisol is often referred to as the “stress hormone.” It helps regulate metabolism, reduces inflammation, and regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
Health effects
Deficiency: This condition, known as Addison’s disease, is characterized by fatigue, muscle weakness, weight loss, low blood pressure, and dark skin patches. If untreated, it can even be fatal.
Excess: Prolonged exposure to high quantities of cortisol causes this disorder, also known as Cushing’s syndrome.
. Symptoms include rapid weight gain, especially in the face, chest, and abdomen, purple stretch marks, thin skin, and brittle bones.
Balance strategy
Manage stress through relaxation techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, and yoga.
Ensure adequate sleep.
3. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
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Produced by the thyroid gland, these hormones regulate the body’s metabolism and energy production, and play a role in bone growth and brain and nervous system development in children.
Health effects
Eat foods rich in iodine (found in seafood and iodized salt).
Avoid excess consumption of goitrogenic foods (such as raw broccoli, and cauliflower) that can interfere with thyroid function.
Get regular check-ups to monitor thyroid levels, especially if there is a family history of thyroid problems.
4. Estrogen
Functions:
The development and control of the female reproductive system as well as secondary sex traits are governed by this principal female sex hormone.
Health effects
Infertility: Commonly seen during menopause or with certain medical conditions. Hot flashes, nocturnal sweats, mood swings, painful erections from vaginal dryness, and irregular periods are among the symptoms.
Excess: This can be caused by a variety of conditions, including tumors or genetic disorders. Symptoms include bloating, breast tenderness, decreased sex drive, irregular periods, mood swings and headaches.
Balance strategy
Maintain a healthy weight since estrogen can be produced by fat cells.
Limit alcohol and caffeine.
Eat foods rich in phytoestrogens (eg flaxseed, soy).
Daily exercise.
5. of testosterone
The primary male sex hormone, testosterone is responsible for the development of male reproductive tissue and the promotion of secondary sex characteristics such as muscle and bone mass. It affects mood and energy levels as well.
Deficiency in males: Known as hypogonadism, this can be due to testicular or pituitary gland problems. Symptoms include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, low sperm count, loss of muscle mass, and fatigue.
Deficiency in women: This may cause low libido, fatigue, and mood disturbances.
Excess in men: This may increase the risk of reduced testicular size, infertility, high red blood cell count, and some cardiovascular problems.
Excess in women: Often seen in conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Symptoms include hirsutism (excess hair growth), acne, deepening of the voice, and menstrual irregularities.
Limit alcohol and caffeine.
6. Growth hor
Stimulates cell regeneration, growth, and maintenance. It is important for human development and maintaining healthy body tissues.
Health Effects:
Deficiency in children: Growth may be stunted, puberty may be delayed, and this may result in a smaller-than-expected size for their age.
Deficiency in adults: Fatigue, increased body fat, loss of muscle mass, loss of bone density (osteoporosis), mood disturbances and cardiovascular complications may occur.
Excess in children: An abnormally large size may cause enlargement.
Excess in adults: Known as acromegaly, it can cause enlarged hands, feet, and facial features, joint pain, thickened skin, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
Balance strategy
Engage in high-intensity interval training (HIIT).
7. Progesterone
Health Effects:
Deficiency: This may cause symptoms of irregular menstrual cycles, heavy bleeding, early miscarriage, and PMS (premenstrual syndrome) or PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). A prolonged deficiency may increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia or cancer due to unopposed estrogen.